The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) is dedicated to advancing science in developing countries, fostering sustainable growth through research, education, policy, and diplomacy. Established in 1983 under the leadership of Nobel laureate Abdus Salam, TWAS was founded by a group of eminent scientists from the developing world who believed that strengthening science and engineering capabilities would help nations address critical challenges like hunger, disease, and poverty. The Academy is headquartered in Trieste, Italy, and has received significant support from Italian scientists and policymakers since its inception.

TWAS plays a crucial role in promoting scientific excellence and collaboration in regions where research infrastructure is limited. Through various grants, fellowships, and partnerships, the organization supports innovative scientific research and the development of strong research networks among scientists in developing countries. By fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, TWAS aims to empower scientists, strengthen local research institutions, and contribute to the global scientific community. The Academy also works to enhance science policy and diplomacy, ensuring that scientific knowledge plays a role in shaping sustainable development. Its efforts, supported by global partners, contribute to reducing the gap between developing and developed nations in scientific advancements.

The TWAS Research Grants Programme for Collaborative Research provides funding to high-level scientists conducting interdisciplinary research in science-and-technology-lagging countries (S&TLC). This initiative was created to foster collaboration among researchers from different fields, combining their expertise to address real-world challenges. The grant supports joint research projects carried out by two Principal Investigators (PIs) from different S&TLC nations. The primary goal is to strengthen scientific capacity, encourage knowledge sharing, and promote interdisciplinary approaches to problem-solving in developing countries.

The programme is generously funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), ensuring that researchers in resource-limited settings have access to essential scientific equipment and consumables. Grants are awarded for a period of 24 months and provide financial assistance to purchase research materials but do not cover salaries, travel, or field expenses. The initiative aims to create sustainable research networks, enabling scientists to collaborate effectively while addressing pressing scientific and societal issues in their respective countries. By facilitating access to critical research tools, TWAS aims to empower scientists in developing regions to conduct impactful research and drive scientific progress in their nations.